Practice Exam 1

Choose four (4) of the following questions and answer them in short essay format. All questions argon worth equal marks. (12. 5 marks each) QUESTION 1 (12. 5 marks) Discuss the key factors in the international environment that managers of emerging global organisations look to as threats to their international operations. Provide examples as appropriate. International Environment is the management of business operations conducted in much than one country and usually outside of the organisations normal environment (out of the country).Legal-Political Environment Political systems the organisation whitethorn be unfamiliar with dealing with the government. Political stability Quotas, tariffs and taxes Law and regulation frugal Environment scotch conditions in which the organisation operates in Consumer Market Exchange rates Economic development (Developing country? depression? ) Sociocultural Environment Common behaviour and way of thinking among the consumers. Religion Time orientation Beliefs and values(Hofstede) lyric poem QUESTION 2 (12. 5 marks)What atomic look 18 Porters competitive forces in an organisations environment? Explain them and provide examples to illustrate your answer. Threat of new entrants Capital requirements and economic of scale are potential barriers Easier to enter mail order business than automobile due to high capital comprise Technology made it easier for new entrants to enter market. Threat of existing rivalry Coke VS Pepsi, Toyota VS Honda Influenced by the separate four forces and follow-product differentiation Threat of substitute products Affected by cost changes or trends Internet circulate new ways to meet customer needs Low cost airline tickets VS travel agencies negociate power of buyers Few buyer, many suppliers. Goods are standardised. (High buyer power) Buyer gets more than information about the rail political machine they want to buy accident before? dicker power of suppliers Many buyers, few suppliers. Highly value products. (High supplier power) Airplane engine suppliers will get under ones skin great power due to lack of ambition Internet helps the suppliers to reach end users and great turning of buyersQUESTION 3 (12. 5 marks) What is the difference between organisational twist and organisational formula? Outline the six elements of organisational human body. Organisational mental synthesis is a framework that defines the way tasks are depute, the formalization of account relationships and the effectiveness of coordination of employees across subdivisions. It is an expression of who is performing various tasks and how they are related to one an different whereas organisational design is the process of reshaping or changing the organisation structure.Organisation leaders develop plans to function or perform better. six elements are 1) Work Specialisation A. k. a Division of labour. Main idea is to divide the jobs so that everything is non done by one individual. Employees can focus on doing specialized functions in their own department allowing them to effectively and efficiently specialise in that particular job. 2) Chain Of Command Line of authority from the velocity level of organisation to lower level of organisation and classifies who reports to whom. Unity of command where each employee is held accountable to entirely one supervisor.Scalar Command defined line of authority that refers to all employees. 3) Responsibility, authority & delegation Authority is the coherent right of managers to issue orders, make closings and allocate resources. Responsibility is the duty to perform a task an employee is assign to and usually comes with authority for managers. Delegation is the transfer of authority to a lower level position in the hierarchy. 4) Span of management Refers to the snatch of employees reporting to a supervisor. Also known as span of control.Determines the add together of employees a supervisor can effectively and efficiently manage. 5) Centralization & decentralization Centralization is when the authority is set(p) at a single point usually at the point level of the organisation and decentralization is when finale authority is pushed down to lower organisation levels. Decentralization is believed to relieve burden on cap managers, make great use of worker skills and abilities and permit rapid response to external changes. 6) Formalization operation of creating written documents to direct and control employees.These include rule books, regulations and job descriptions. These provide the employees with descriptions of tasks, responsibilities and decision authority. QUESTION 4 (12. 5 marks) A contingency approach to leadership seeks to explain the relationship between leadership styles and particular(prenominal) situations. Describe Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. pic QUESTION 5 (12. 5 marks) Managers faced with technical choices learn a number of approaches that they whitethorn use to guide their decision making.Discuss the various approaches to honourable decision making, providing examples to help explain your answer. Utilitarian approach is the moral behaviour of producing the greatest sober for the greatest number. decisiveness makers are to consider the effect of all parties and select one that high hat deems satisfaction to the greatest number of people. Squatter homes are not abolished because the government may find that leaving the squatter homes untouched may be a better option as it provides as a home for many people.Dunlop unkindly their manufacturing plant in Australia and decided to idle one in Thailand and Malaysia, managers justified that decision on the bag that it produces greater good to the company as a whole. Individualism approach promotes the individuals outperform long term interests which will lead to the greater good. The action in which is intend ed to produce greater good than bad to the individual rather than other alternatives. This will in turn, lead to greater good as individuals behaviour fits the standards of behaviour people wants towards themselves.Moral rights approach defines the fact that human beings have rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual. This approach suggests companies to maintain the rights of the people affected by it. Western countries transcend their people the right to have their own say (freedom of speech) and in some companies, they give their customers the freedom to speak and complain. Hence, the saying the customer is always right. Justice approach is the moral decision found on equality, fairness and impartiality. There are 3 types of justice concerning managers distributive ustice where people should not be treated differently establish on illogical characteristics such as gender. Procedural justice where rules should be administered fairly and consistently and Compensatory justice where individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible. QUESTION 6 (12. 5 marks) A current issue for HRM involves the changing nature of careers, and the evolving dynamic of relationships between employers and employees. Discuss the study issues involved in the changing nature of careers, and the HR issues in the new workplace. Provide examples as appropriate.Major bang Changing social contract matters in new workplace 1) Becoming employer of choice company super attractive to employees due to HR practices that focus on not solely tangible benefits but nonphysical too. 2) Team & Projects People who used to work alone now has to work in groups. Many workers storage area multiple tasks and responsibilities. 3) Temporary employees Demand has grown for professionals. Contingent workers means reduced payroll and benefit cost as well as increased flexibility for both employer and employee. 4) Technology Virtual teams and telecommunicating ) Work/ living Balance Telecommunicating helps employees work from home to balance life and work. 6) Downsizing Some companies have to downsize and let employees go. aged contractNew Contract Employee Employer Job felt secure One part of the organisation Knowing Routine Jobs measuring stick training programs Limited information Traditional compensation package (typical benefits) Manage own career (employment not guaranteed) Partner in business improvement Learning Challenging assignments Continuous learning, lateral career data & resources Creative development opportunitiesPractice Exam 1Choose four (4) of the following questions and answer them in short essay format. All questions are worth equal marks. (12. 5 marks each) QUESTION 1 (12. 5 marks) Discuss the key factors in the international environment that managers of emerging global organisations look to as threats to their international operations. Provide examples as appropriate. Inter national Environment is the management of business operations conducted in more than one country and usually outside of the organisations normal environment (out of the country).Legal-Political Environment Political systems the organisation may be unfamiliar with dealing with the government. Political stability Quotas, tariffs and taxes Law and regulation Economic Environment Economic conditions in which the organisation operates in Consumer Market Exchange rates Economic development (Developing country? clinical depression? ) Sociocultural Environment Common behaviour and way of thinking among the consumers. Religion Time orientation Beliefs and values(Hofstede) language QUESTION 2 (12. 5 marks)What are Porters competitive forces in an organisations environment? Explain them and provide examples to illustrate your answer. Threat of new entrants Capital requirements and economic of scale are potential barriers Easier to enter mail order business than automobile due to high capital cost Technology made it easier for new entrants to enter market. Threat of existing rivalry Coke VS Pepsi, Toyota VS Honda Influenced by the other four forces and cost-product differentiation Threat of substitute products Affected by cost changes or trends Internet open new ways to meet customer needs Low cost airline tickets VS travel agencies Bargaining power of buyers Few buyer, many suppliers. Goods are standardised. (High buyer power) Buyer gets more information about the car they want to buy accident before? Bargaining power of suppliers Many buyers, few suppliers. Highly wanted products. (High supplier power) Airplane engine suppliers will have great power due to lack of competitor Internet helps the suppliers to reach end users and greater number of buyersQUESTION 3 (12. 5 marks) What is the difference between organisational structure and organisational design? Outline the six elements of organisational design. Organisational structure is a framewor k that defines the way tasks are assigned, the formalization of reporting relationships and the effectiveness of coordination of employees across departments. It is an expression of who is performing various tasks and how they are related to one another whereas organisational design is the process of reshaping or changing the organisation structure.Organisation leaders develop plans to function or perform better. sise elements are 1) Work Specialisation A. k. a Division of labour. Main idea is to divide the jobs so that everything is not done by one individual. Employees can focus on doing specific functions in their own department allowing them to effectively and efficiently specialise in that particular job. 2) Chain Of Command Line of authority from the upper level of organisation to lower level of organisation and classifies who reports to whom. Unity of command where each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor.Scalar Command defined line of authority that refer s to all employees. 3) Responsibility, authority & delegation Authority is the legitimatise right of managers to issue orders, make decisions and allocate resources. Responsibility is the duty to perform a task an employee is assigned to and usually comes with authority for managers. Delegation is the transfer of authority to a lower level position in the hierarchy. 4) Span of management Refers to the number of employees reporting to a supervisor. Also known as span of control.Determines the number of employees a supervisor can effectively and efficiently manage. 5) Centralization & decentralization Centralization is when the authority is hardened at a single point usually at the top level of the organisation and decentralization is when decision authority is pushed down to lower organisation levels. Decentralization is believed to relieve burden on top managers, make greater use of worker skills and abilities and permit rapid response to external changes. 6) Formalization fu lfil of creating written documents to direct and control employees.These include rule books, regulations and job descriptions. These provide the employees with descriptions of tasks, responsibilities and decision authority. QUESTION 4 (12. 5 marks) A contingency approach to leadership seeks to explain the relationship between leadership styles and specific situations. Describe Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. pic QUESTION 5 (12. 5 marks) Managers faced with ethical choices have a number of approaches that they may use to guide their decision making.Discuss the various approaches to ethical decision making, providing examples to help explain your answer. Utilitarian approach is the moral behaviour of producing the greatest good for the greatest number. finis makers are to consider the effect of all parties and select one that best gives satisfaction to the greatest number of people. Squatter homes are not abolished becau se the government may find that leaving the squatter homes untouched may be a better option as it provides as a home for many people.Dunlop unsympathetic their manufacturing plant in Australia and decided to open one in Thailand and Malaysia, managers justified that decision on the origination that it produces greater good to the company as a whole. Individualism approach promotes the individuals best long term interests which will lead to the greater good. The action in which is intended to produce greater good than bad to the individual rather than other alternatives. This will in turn, lead to greater good as individuals behaviour fits the standards of behaviour people wants towards themselves.Moral rights approach defines the fact that human beings have rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual. This approach suggests companies to maintain the rights of the people affected by it. Western countries give their people the right to have their own say (fr eedom of speech) and in some companies, they give their customers the freedom to speak and complain. Hence, the saying the customer is always right. Justice approach is the moral decision based on equality, fairness and impartiality. There are 3 types of justice concerning managers distributive ustice where people should not be treated differently based on illogical characteristics such as gender. Procedural justice where rules should be administered fairly and consistently and Compensatory justice where individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible. QUESTION 6 (12. 5 marks) A current issue for HRM involves the changing nature of careers, and the evolving dynamic of relationships between employers and employees. Discuss the major issues involved in the changing nature of careers, and the HR issues in the new workplace. Provide examples as appropriate.Major Issue Changing social contract Issues in new workplace 1) Becoming employer of choi ce company super attractive to employees due to HR practices that focus on not only tangible benefits but intangible too. 2) Team & Projects People who used to work alone now has to work in groups. Many workers superintend multiple tasks and responsibilities. 3) Temporary employees Demand has grown for professionals. Contingent workers means reduced payroll and benefit cost as well as increased flexibility for both employer and employee. 4) Technology Virtual teams and telecommunicating ) Work/ flavor Balance Telecommunicating helps employees work from home to balance life and work. 6) Downsizing Some companies have to downsize and let employees go. old contractNew Contract Employee Employer Job felt secure One part of the organisation Knowing Routine Jobs hackneyed training programs Limited information Traditional compensation package (typical benefits) Manage own career (employment not guaranteed) Partner in business improvement Learning Challenging assignmen ts Continuous learning, lateral career tuition & resources Creative development opportunities