Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Essay -- sex experience, prostitution

A Godless World With OrgiesThink about a orbit where you first experience sex when youre a little kid. A world where books and flowers might not be respected but youre conditioned to be happy. Conditioned to necessitate sex with anyone you fate, whenever you feel deal it. Its true that you dont have to worry about violence and when you start feeling stressed, all you have to take is soma (a drug that creates pleasure and happiness.) then feel better. In the story, queer New World by Aldous Huxley, thats how their world worked and I do not believe that our world will ever come to a flush like it. I agree that there is a sufficient amount of people that want to be happy but I feel like somethings arent realistic in the book thats going to happen in our future. Also, I believe that many people want to have world peace but that requires no violence and something that I wish would happen but cant see happen. Everyone isnt the same and we all want different things leading to vio lence because everyone has their hold way to deal with rage or even boredom. In the new world, since theres no digest birth and everyone belongs to each other, there is no God. There is Ford which is God in a sense but they dont know who He is. I dont think that God will be forgotten in the future. The idea of having specific places for people to go to have orgies isnt something that I see happening. Our world takes prostitution seriously let alone orgies. For example, the incident that happened in Kennebunk, Maine. A woman named Alexis Wright run a prostitution business. When she was ratted-out and investigated, more than than 100 names were wrote down on the list. She was sent to jail although now is released. The same thing wouldve most likely happened... ...we arent all the same individual and arent conditioned like the charaters are the book, violence can and does happen in our world. Whether we like it or not, everyone is different in our world meaning that eveyone has th eyre own way with doing the things that they do. Our world is just most not to become like the one in this book. Works CitedWoman Who Ran Kennebunk Zumba Brothel Released from Prison. The Guardian. theguardian.com, 23 Nov. 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.Violence. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.Pearson, Michael. ergodic Killings Spark Laments, but Reality Shows Long Slide in Crime Rate. CNN. Cable News Network, 23 Aug. 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.Castillo, Mariano, Alina Machado, Randi Kaye, Hilary Whiteman, and Josh Levs. Oklahoma Killing whitethorn Be Gang-related. CNN. Cable News Network, 23 Aug. 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.

Why Should Students Study Shakespeare In School? Essay -- essays resea

Simply stated, students should study Shakespeares whole shebang in school because of the incredible value within them. In accompaniment to exposing students to a multitude of literary techniques, Shakespeares plays challenge the student with difficult language and style, express a profound knowledge of human behavior and offer shrewdness into the world around us.William Shakespeare is recognized by much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. The intricate meanings, extensive vocabulary, and powerful imagery contained within his works demonstrate the phenomenal story telling ability of the English playwright. "Shakespeares use of poetry within his plays to express the deepest levels of human motivation in individual, social and world(a) situations is considered one of the greatest accomplishments in literary history." School programs offer students the opportunity to study Shakespeare at length and provoke a greater appreciation of his literary ability. Analyzing his work enables students to recognize, understand and respect the playwrights true genius.Evident in Shakespeares plays is the broad use of irony, imagery, rhythm and other literary devices. Through these devices, he establishes atmosphere and character, and intrigue. Exposure to these devices provides students with a broad knowledge of literary style and technique, while serving to develop and improve writing skills. Also, because much of the modern literary ideas and writings allude to and potbelly be traced...

Computer Impact on My Chosen Profession :: Technology Technological Society Essays

Computer Impact on My Chosen Profession My chosen profession that I am going to college for is Computer information Systems. I am not quite sure of the exact job title I would like to get from this. I do know that I would like to be in charge of a businesss technology, be in charge of keeping the systems working, training employees how to use the programs and deciding which advanced programs would be best for the business. Computers have had a very positive effect on this. For inventory businesses, computers allow the business to immediately know when new harvestings ar available by looking on the internet. They are provided many valuable pieces of information ab out(a) the product, such as quality, price, and so on. The business can pronto and easily buy inventory over the internet and track it as it is being shipped. Once the business receives their inventory they then sell it individually to their customers. umpteen businesses have websites which allow the consumer to go to the businesss website and do similar to what the business did to get the inventory. They can view product information, see the newest products, and quickly wander online. The customer is given an order confirmation number that allows them to check the status of their purchase as it is being shipped and see if there are any delays imputable to backorders or other problems. IBM is soon going to be marketing middleware that will help enhance these aspects of the business. The middleware will allow a business to manage their product information that exists over a variety of systems. The software will allow for product attributes and locations to be much accurately shared. Many companies still give out inaccurate information about their products because of insufficient technology. This middleware will help solve this business problem allowing businesses to enhance their performance and customer service. This will very positively affect businesses (B eth Bacheldor-InformationWeek.com). Many businesses such as health insurers pay for outsourcing services that run their servers and help with any problems and questions about the systems. Now businesses are demanding much more from their outsourcers.

An Apolitical Blues Essays -- Economic Systems, Capitalism, Problems

An Apolitical BluesEver since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, capitalism has had both positive and negative set up on orderliness and its people. With Capitalisms goal to amass as much riches possible comes technological change. Moreover, as wealth accumulates and technology becomes increasingly more sophisticated, this allows nations to become more advanced. However, with advancement comes unrest, for all the progress capitalism seems to cause, it also comes with criticisms for the effects it has on society. In their books, Michael Baumann and Tony Judt both pay off that capitalism has been a culprit in the problems that society faces today. Capitalism causes problems in society, because it creates labor issues, individualism, mistrust and isolation. The reactions to these problems are unlike from each other in both books, raising questions about historys role in the changing attitudes of society and how people in society deal with problems in response to capitalism.In both accounts, the authors blame capitalism for the labor issues it causes. Baumann expresses frustration towards the decreasing value of craftsmanship in society. He explains that determine is able to give one a sort of satisfaction, writing that the ability to create something with your hands that serves a purpose is the way one can find satisfaction in their work (Baumann 23). Working as a carpenter to avoid working in a factory, Baumann explains that even carpentry has been reduced to unmindful(p) screwdriver operation, making it no different from working in a factory (Baumann 23). Therefore, Baumanns frustration is a result of him becoming an unskilled worker. Baumanns eventual(prenominal) participation in terrorism links to the frustration he fel... ...unities, still benefit and use services which fall into the public sector, such as highways, police, and schools (127). This leads to a contradiction, Judt explains, people who live in private spaces contrib ute to the dilution and corrosion of the public space. What he means by this is that the very problems that people try to avoid with isolation actually cause the problems to persist, creating a cycle that seems inescapable to Judt, unless the mindset of the people changes (129). In conclusion, the actions of Baumann in response to capitalism and the inaction of the people in todays society that Judt describes stem from the labor issues, individualism, mistrust and isolation that capitalism causes. The different reactions towards the same problem expressed in both accounts flesh out that as times change, methods for addressing conflict change as well.

Stories Told Halfway :: Personal Narrative Sleeping Papers

Stories Told Halfway When I was sick I slept all day, in the shifting patch of sun on my bed. I woke up afterwards fourteen hours and I saw that I had taken Sleep into me. And I thought, I understand why they called Sleep a god, why they gave him a face. If you peace long enough, you let him in. You can feel the way he lifts your limbs and lets them fall again till they learn to hang, loosely, just so. You can feel the way his manpower push down on the back of your neck, gently, and the lazy halo he brushes over the crown of your head with his fingers. You can understand why today he likes cheerfulness, who paints a quiet coat of warmth onto your faded yellow sheets. You can feel him blink and stretch and curl up softly and let Sun paint him golden. And you can also understand why mostly he likes Night, who comes more quietly, dressed in cool gowns, developing her nets and nets of stars to trap him in. You can manipulate through his eyes, when you have just woken. Things com e into your understanding slowly and you are content to know them only halfway. You do not struggle for meaning. You can design how he blurs shapes into roundness. You can see how he breathes out quiet through you where you go, and you know he is there in the sleepy tilt of your head. And the people somewhat you, when you have just woken, will see Sleep smiling in the lazy lines of your walk. This is Nicks favorite dream He was being chased. He was all fear. He ran until he started to run on four legs. He felt the spring and the power and the motion that is a wolf running. It was daytime, morning. He followed a rough trail that wove through the woods. He ran and it was not strange. He did not even stop to think, I am a wolf. Only he was. The trail turned cleaner, shafts of advanced white light urging him on to the east. He was not feeling afraid anymore. He hadnt for a long time. The chase fell away and he was just running, all motion and speed. He came to a place deep in the for est where the trees were narrow and dense.

Stories Told Halfway :: Personal Narrative Sleeping Papers

Stories Told Halfway When I was sick I slept all day, in the shifting patch of sun on my bed. I woke up after fourteen hours and I saw that I had taken Sleep into me. And I thought, I encounter why they called Sleep a god, why they gave him a face. If you sleep long enough, you let him in. You shadower feel the way he lifts your limbs and lets them fall again till they learn to hang, loosely, just so. You can feel the way his hands push down on the back of your neck, gently, and the lazy halo he brushes over the crown of your head with his fingers. You can understand why today he likes Sun, who paints a quiet coat of warmth onto your faded yellow sheets. You can feel him blink and stretch and curl up softly and let Sun paint him golden. And you can also understand why mostly he likes Night, who comes more quietly, dressed in cool gowns, trailing her nets and nets of stars to trap him in. You can see through his eyes, when you have just woken. Things come into your understanding slowly and you are content to know them only halfway. You do non struggle for meaning. You can see how he blurs shapes into roundness. You can see how he breathes out quiet through you where you go, and you know he is there in the sleepyheaded tilt of your head. And the people around you, when you have just woken, will see Sleep smiling in the lazy lines of your walk. This is Nicks favorite dream He was beingness quest ford. He was all fear. He ran until he started to run on four legs. He felt the spring and the power and the motion that is a wolf running. It was daytime, morning. He followed a rough trail that wove through the woods. He ran and it was not strange. He did not even stop to think, I am a wolf. Only he was. The trail turned cleaner, shafts of new white light urging him on to the east. He was not feeling afraid anymore. He hadnt for a long time. The chase fell away and he was just running, all motion and speed. He came to a place deep in the forest where the trees w ere narrow and dense.

Study abroad or local university Essay

As the names state, make oversea and study locally be marked by lots of differences amidst them. When a student wants to study abroad, he films student visa or permission whereas study locally in local universities doesnt need one. When a student wants to apply for study abroad, he may progress to to clear some tests require proving his eligibility to study abroad. Studying abroad can be very expensive as a student has to shell out visa fee, application fee, flight charges, hostel fee and tuition fee. The fee per semester withal burns a hole in the pocket of a student. Study locally does not call for any of such expenditures. One just have to pay the semester fee for the duration of the course opted for. However, it has some limitations attached to it. Most of the courses, people want to opt for, are not offered by local universities.So, students are left with only two choices, either- to choose from the plethora of courses the local university offers or move out to study abroa d and study the preferred course. Study abroad increases the weight age of a candidates profile. For instance, if you are a student from Japan enrolled to study integrated course of communications and technology with Stanford, prone if you pass the course with flying colors, back home it would increase the numbers of job openings and suitable remunerations for you. It is a general observation that most of the students prefer to study abroad for specialization in art and science stream.For instance, medical students prefer to study locally for their basic degrees such as M.B.B.S but when it comes for specialization and sophisticated medical study, say in oncology or plastic surgery, they prefer to study abroad. It is also advised that if you are looking for basic graduation degrees or elemental courses, study locally. You can save the expenditure to study abroad and get a higher exposure and advanced degree.

Business Report Essay

Business opportunities in NSW are extend toed by internal and external factors. Internal and external factors determine the trading opportunities as they determine the mastery and failure of opportunities in the business environment. External turns are factors which mainly influence the environment outside the business and therefore they determine what the management staff inside(a) the business must do to adjust with the changes in the external environment.External influences include factors such as economic, financial, geographic, accessible, lawful, political, institutional, technological, competitive situation and markets. Internal influences are factors touch on the business from within i. e. internally. Internal influences include factors such as product, location, management, resource management and business culture. The following business report is commissioned to examine the influence of external and internal factors of business opportunities in NSW.The economic in fluence includes factors which relate to changes in the wider economy i. e. booms and recessions in the economy. The benefit of a growing economy allows opportunities for a business to increase profit, so businesses are qualified to experience rising living standards. Booms and upswings benefit business opportunities as they are periods where the economy is going by a positive phase where businesses have the opportunity to increase their positive total revenue. Consequently, this will lead to a rise in employment, consumer spending and wages.On the separate hand, Busts and downswings are periods where businesses are impacted negatively. An example of a business which suffered from the negative factors of the economic cycle was Harvey Norman. Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) reported Harvey Norman go through a downswing period as profits decreased from $128. 95 million to $81. 9 million and total sales had a decline of 7. 3% due to lack of consumer spending. Financial influences invol ve deregulation which is the removal of government regulations from the industry in hope of improving competition.The remedyment of competition allows businesses the opportunity to improve efficiency and productivity of their employers and aim to achieve their required goal. Woolworths and Coles have recently removed regulations relating to supplier payments in order to lower costs and open up opportunities to expand their business and increase profit. Geographical influences such as location will determine the growth and development of a specific business.Geographical influences impact business opportunities as it provides challenges to increase profits, sales and expansion of business. An example of expansion of business is IKEA who have expanded their business to Melbourne, Australia because of economic growth in the Australian economy. Due to dramatic increase in consumer spending, IKEAs profit increased rapidly and therefore they were able to purchase an 80, 000 metre square warehouse. Geographical influence impacts on business opportunities as it increases employment, sales and expansion of business as seen by the actions of IKEA. ventureionate influences provide opportunities for businesses to change or develop to adopt consumer posits. Social influences such as changes in consumer apprehensions and preferences signifi standtly impacts on business productivity and opportunities. Failure for a business to satisfy consumers wants can be perverting to a business and therefore can lead to a decrease in profits and sales or even cessation if they fail to meet consumer demands. An example of social influence on a business is the impact of the modality of clothing of AussieBum.AussieBum manufactures and sells their products via the internet and are successful as their material and style of the underwear and beach clothing is famous among society. The business is successful as the material they produce is unique. Additionally, the location of the manufa cturing is based in Australia further satisfying the taste and preferences on Australian consumers. Social influences for this business includes its consumers demanding Australian manufacturers to maintain uniqueness and reflect the Australian image and consumers demanding products to be purchased over the internet.In this case, AussieBum successfully responds to social influences by having the correct production process of manufacturing their commodities and satisfying consumer demand and preferences. Legal influences impacts on business opportunities as it sets out regulations and laws that impacts business operations. Legal influences sets out guidelines that prevents businesses from smashing or financial rorting. Additionally, legal influences such as laws and contracts can impact businesses as they are forced to buy from specific and this affects their total revenue.An example of legal influence on a business is the investigation of Coles. A recent article published by Sydney Morning Herald states that Coles is undergoing an investigation on difference between suppliers based on their private label brands. This breaches statutes which include anti discrimination laws. Legal investigation is costly and affects consumer buying and spending at this business. Hence, it is all-important(a) for businesses to abide by legislations to take advantage of the opportunities and maintain consumer satisfaction.Political influences impact businesses as government policies can lead to business uncertainty or business confidence. Political influences impact businesses as they implement policies which can change the structure of businesses. An example of political influences on a business is the impact the carbon value has on BHP Billiton, a caller in the mining industry. The carbon tax affects the company as BHP Billiton is now in charge of paying taxes which affect the companys total revenue as there is an increase in costs.The carbon tax affects business opportuni ties in BHP Billiton as they are unable to strike new efficient and productive employees due to increase in their costs. Business opportunities in NSW can also be affected by taxation that can increase business costs and therefore restrict the businesses ability to expand or increase their profit or sales. Additionally, the exchange rate can affect the volume of import and exports from global markets hence impact of the price of products.Institutional influences refer to three bodies (Federal, State, and Local) which all have factors which impact business opportunities in NSW. The regulations of institutional influences are the safety and protection of employers in the business, the compulsory minimum wage, payment of taxes, approving new development and simple business codes of conduct and abiding by the legal business laws. These factors impact business opportunities as businesses must abide by these regulations in order to continue running and the breaching of the regulations ca n result in penalties which may affect the business financially.A recent investigation involving Coles breaching these regulations as they demanded additional payments from their suppliers led to a decrease in profits and loss of other suppliers. These factors affected Coles as their supply of specific products is decreasing yet they have such high demand but in result arent able to satisfy consumers wants. Business opportunities are impacted by the institutional influences as businesses are forced to run in a certain way as it can affect their financial status as well as their reputation if they fail to do so.Technology is improving at a rapid pace and allowing businesses to produce more than efficiently. Technological influences impact vehicle manufacturing businesses such as Holden. Holdens vehicles are produced rapidly because of innovative technology. The new Holden Barina features Apples Siri voice command providing more features and improving the product. Additionally, techn ological influence can impact businesses negatively. For example, technological advancements often replace employees and this decreases the opportunity of hiring new employment contribute to unemployment.Nonetheless, technological influences provide opportunities for businesses to produce products more efficiently and in turn increase their total revenue. Competition is advantageous to both consumers and businesses as it provides opportunities for improvement and demand for consumer satisfaction. A competitive situation often influences businesses to lower prices of its products to gain consumer satisfaction. For example, Woolworths and Coles promote lower prices to compete with one another. This provides consumers with wider range of choice and preferences.More so, they promote consumer points for purchasing goods and services at their store to remain competitive. Also, Jetstar has a policy which states they will provide a 10% discount on their service if their competitive airlin es (i. e. pure Australia and Tiger Airways) offer a cheaper price for their service.In recent times financial/capital, labour and consumers have significantly changed. Financial/capital markets have seen international financial/capital flows become more flexible and easily accessible due to globalisation.Therefore, markets are more integrated. ASX is an example of these changes as the business has now made it more easily accessible for consumers to purchase and sell shares globally over the internet. Financial/capital markets influence business opportunities as businesses in NSW are linked globally are able to communicate and operate more efficiently. However, negative economic influence can impact on domestic markets in NSW which can draw a blank on business operations.

Care and love Essay

However, this is when we contradict our first impression of him being a caring father, because no commendable father or even guardian go out wait until morning to find out what is wrong with a child. Especially if previous events might have been the key to the survival of the child. We first see how he treats his daughter, Betty now we see the other responsibility he neglects, his niece she is an orphan and should be treated with care and love. Instead he questions her commitment to the church and nones she was dancing deal heathen in the forest this testifies that he really does not care about his own flesh and personal credit line, being an outcast of the church in this clock was very dangerous it was the centre of the community.Hales main interrogation method is to ask leading questions therefore his victory of the debate whether Tituba was a siren or not. In the same way Parris asks leading questions to Abigail What did you do with her in the forest?. at that place is one thing about Parris though when dealing with bush league he unendingly is completely sure of who should take charge of the confabulation.Parris is quite selfish on numerous occasions he talks about himself more than Betty, by my enemies and the fact that they pack out ruin me does show some sort of oer reaction. Getting frustrated over position and forgetting the main cause of the conversation driven to the point of believing a faction swore to drive me out of my pulpit we see definite troubles in Parris.The employment of a teenager nearing charwoman was very important it showed that you were respected if you became a servant in those days, Abigail had not been employed for a seven month but until this conversation he had always over-looked the matter and never inquired why as to she was sacked.The Crucible reveals to us the modern day tooth for a tooth, Parris uses emotional blackmail, when he demands for an issue to be revealed in his save he declares that he has put clothe s upon you certify this implies the use of emotional blackmail for getting something he wants but putting clothes on your nieces back should not be a chore.Goody Putnam is the husband of a wealthy land owner, when she intervenes he shows a certain deference towards her for she is on the winning stead of the community her husband is a rich land owner. Parris shows greed and hunger for money and status, he is easily swayed into agreeing with the Putnams that witches were among them in Salem we get the tone of neglecting one self he is a man who thinks he is prosecuted everywhere, unpopular and mistrusted in the community.Finally Parris makes a decision and indeed leaves in kin over money and power, he cleverly leaves Abigail in a complicated situation by stating then you were conjuring spirits last night he gives out his own kin for power and respect.Millers concern is that many in power are led astray by greed. Miller wants to have these people not in control of the public and it is people corresponding Parris whom are dangerous and selfishGoody Putnam and Parris have similar status she is a women she is married to a powerful landlord. Parris looks up to her and will believe anything, like her. In order to keep status.Goody Putnam is nowadays portrayed as a twisted consciousness Miller makes us keep a open mind. We already get the gist of this. It means that a person who not trustworthy and has been through so much that they have become bended to one side of an argument. She has been described as Death ridden because she had lost all her seven babies. Later on we will learn how and why she acts in such a irresponsible and insane manner.When she first appears with play she is shiny eyed this gives us the opinion that she had just comprehend extraordinary news that Parris daughter had just flown over a barn. How high did she fly as a question shows clear stupidity for then or now anyone could have worked out for themselves they cannot. She indicates to Pa rris that the devil was right under his nose and in his household for there was a stroke of hell upon him and the devil was directly attacking him.Goody Putnams only daughter is sick as well and has the same sort of sickness as Betty, before thinking of a medical explanation she forces a recognition of witchcraft for the devils touch was on the children and was no natural cause for this illness.This superstitious ignorance was terribly dangerous then There could be a false accusation and someones life would pay the price these are Millers concerns.She does in some reference act like Hale. She is completely zealous in terms of supernatural causes but her reasons are not intellectual but ignorant. In depth we must look why, she believes she gave conduct to seven hearty babies which suggest they were healthy. But withered in her arms. Now we could have a reason maybe a rare type blood disease for instance. At the time, a lack of science helped to sustain superstitious ideasShe is so i mmersed in her beliefs to the point that she sends her own daughter, Ruth to dance with the girls and try and get closer to her previous dead kids. This is entirely a kind of taboo. Since there is no other resource or explanation for these things at these times, the supernatural safe(p) and evil were heeded the local doctor was baffled because the science was not advanced, not because the devil had intervened.

Northern Renaissance Paper

In the middle of the fourteenth century a cultural transformation took place, this transformation was initiated by Italy and was c eithered Renaissance. It dis put ined the Middle Ages from the New Modern Age and is where Humanism and Reformation blossomed. portrayalure became a huge part of the Renaissance Era and artists became intrigued in trying upstart and unique styles. During about of the fourteenth century, only royalty had personations made because they required status and wealth. A depictingure is normally defined as a example of a specific individual.A enactment does non merely record someones features, but something about whom he or she is, moodyering a perceive of a real persons presence. Royal Portraiture is especially unique because it has to fate the status and wealth of the ruler and appeal to many. The traditions of portraiture hunt back to ancient Greece and Rome, but change every century to new styles by being tweaked slightly every so often. New ar tists atomic number 18 incessantly testing out new ways to spice up an old style of art and were volition to try slightly new and tweaked styles of painting.Portraits of Rulers became popular to posit their majesty in places from which they were absent. Many rulers ruled more than one area of land and had a broad area of land that they waited after and could non be everywhere at once. Most rulers would travel around their land constantly, but there was always still an absence when they were not around. Portraits became a way of allowing these rulers to figure that they are present even if they are not physically there. Many churches would have paintings or sculptures so that even when the rulers were not around, the community could see an form of their ruler.In addition to recording appearance, portraits had social and practical functions as well. Portraiture was a way for the royals to show their lavishness, which in turn showed their dignity as a ruler. Royals had a way of wanting to flaunt their status and were able to do this through portraiture. The Portrait of keister the Good by Girard dOrleans, was important because it showed the signifi coffin nailce of having a portrait made. This was the first profile in Northern Renaissance Art and signified a rebirth beginning. The side profile for a portrait was typical of Antique coins and medals.This new style of portrait painting emphasized the empirical. legerdemain the Good resembles Jesus in his portrait and has a God-Like feature. Hans Holbein did a considerable make sense datum of Travelling throughout Europe. He was primarily a court painter, and was employed by Henry VIII and did many portraits for him. He paid special direction to portraying coincidence, which was very important for royalty. His work is rich in detail. Part of why portraiture was so appealing to royals was because it could do more than show what a person looked like. It could show how a person looks decently and unapproa chable which is shown in Henry VII.It could also show vulnerability or a way to be relatable to the viewer. Showing that a ruler was scholarly along with worldly was important and in Ghents Duke Federigo of Urbino and his son Guidobaldo the importance is shown. Federigo the scholar, is reading from a manuscript displaying his worldly success. His military prowess is evident with his armor showing. Frontal portraiture was more common and traditional among artists for portraits. One example of this is denim Fouquets portrait Charles VII. This portrait is interesting because the bust of Charles is abnormally large compared to his face.His bust is actually life-size, but the rest of his body seems as though it isnt proportional. Charles seems stern and sad, which is not typically what a royal portrait looks like. Royalty typically want to give off the impression that they are powerful, tough and wealthy but Charles show a sad and vulnerable side, yet still showing sternness with his bu st pushed out and large. Royalty art showed a lot of realism. Many rulers were not afraid to show themselves just the way they were. The art was extravagant and showed the rulers status, but kept them very real.In jean Malouels Portrait of Philip the Bold, there is a sense of descriptive realism. The portrait is not beautiful, it shows warts and all, but at the same time it shows the exquisite detail of the fur and of the jewels, which was so important for rulers to show in order to show their status and wealth Hans Holbein the younger did a variety of portraits for Henry VIII. All are beautiful and extravagant portraits. Henry VIII has beautiful lifelike colors and the hat and cloaks show status and wealth. The attention to detail and realism of the painting is common in royalty art.The portrait is close and has little means for anything but Henry VIII. He is the center of attention and is the only thing to look at in the portrait. The broadness of his chest and the size of his forearms are a show of power and strength. Henry VIII is the only thing to look at it. He is confronting you and making it so that he is the only thing to look at, there is no way to ignore him. This occurs again in other portraits in the past and the future. Another Hans Holbein portrait shows Edward VI as a electric razor in the same bright rich clothing that his father Henry VIII is wearing in his portraits.Edward takes up a majority of the image and this portrait most likely had a great significance to Henry VIII. The bottom of the portrait has writing saying how great Edward will be when he grows up. This portrait was most likely a gift to Henry VIII that he cherished. It shows the wealth and status of his young boy whom he loved and waited with great farsightedness to watch him grow. The significance of the degree of the face looking at at the viewer changed frequently. There were times that the side profile gave the idea that Royals were Holy or spiritual.At times, the r ipe frontal portrait gave the look of power and sternness, something rulers wanted to portray. There was also the forty-five degree angle portrait. This angle is a worldly and thoughtful portrait. It gives off the impression that the ruler in the portrait is in thought and is not looking directly at someone else, nor are they looking directly at the viewer. An example of the forty-five degree angle portrait is Bernard van Orleys Portrait of Charles. This, along with Jean Perreals Portrait of Louis XII are examples of this portraiture.Both rulers are neither looking at someone else, nor the viewer which is the introduction to a new style of portraiture. The few tapestries in the exhibit show the royals in their lives. management to detail in these tapestries is exquisite. Vivid deep colors in these exhibits show the status of the royals, a commonality between all royal Art. The deep favorable colors are a way of showing wealth. All of the colors in the exhibits are so deep and vivi d, with attention to the shading in the land and the outline in some of the different portraits. The attention to detail in every royal renaissance art is beautiful.Realism and Humanism in the portraits is very evanesce with how realistic the rulers look. The details down to the hair, fur, and jewels are extremely fine, never leaving even a single detail out to ensure that it has the quality of looking at someone in person. Overall, Royalty in Northern Renaissance Art is broad and unique. Some rulers wanted to be depicted as strong, powerful and unapproachable. Others wanted to be seen as spiritual and almost God-like. Some rulers only have portraits done of their upper body, some of only their face, and some rulers had their entire bodies assorted into their portraits.All of these rulers and their artists felt that the way they were painted would be how they were depicted by the world and chose the style accordingly. 1. Girard dOrleans Portrait of John the Good Before 1356, Mus ee du Louvre, Paris. John the Good had a court painter, Girard dOrleans who accompanied him during his travels and time in England. This artist painted the Kings portrait on a canvas type decorate. This painting is a clear indication of a new type of painting at the time, the profile portrait. The importance of this portrait is the outlining of John the Goods face.It is questioned whether or not it was intended to give the king a magical or spiritual essence. John the Goods portrait looks like it could be a portrait of Jesus. It is also argued that it is just the first example in a long line of portraits that had a acres function. 2. Jean de Liege Charles V, 1375-80. Musee de Louvre, Paris. 3. Nicolas Bataille King Arthur, Tapestry Series of the Nine Worthies 1385. The metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 4. Jean Malouel Portrait of Philip the Bold, 1400. Musee field du Chateau de Versailles. . Dieric Bouts Justice of Emperor Otto III 1470-75. Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunst en van Belgie, Brussels. aft(prenominal) Dieric Bouts was appointed city painter in 1468, he received two important commissions. One of those was the Justice of Emperor Otto III. Bouts advisor ordered this rather stern example of justice. Take note how many of the bystanders in the painting appear to be portraits. These small portraits within a painting show the beginning of concourse portraiture that was then followed by Netherlandish painters for two centuries.Bouts combined a rigid and mechanical regimentation of single portraits placed to the side of the narrative scene. Members of Bouts workshop finished this panel after he died. 6. Joos Van Ghent Duke Federigo of Urbino and his Son Guidobaldo 1475. Galleria della Marche, Urbino. Duke Federigo aspired to be understood as well as a powerful leader. In this portrait, the duke of Urbino is wrapped in armor and his ducal mantle. Federigos son is at his side, which shows that Federigo is advancing him as his rightful successor. This portrait displays Federigos military prowess, his political authority and his do-gooder learning.Although most portraits are frontal to imply hierarchical power, this portrait however is not frontal because when he was young he lost an eye and nose. To obliterate this disfigurement, Duke Federigo was always show in his left profile. 7. Jean Fouquet Portrait of Charles VII After 1451. Musee du Louvre, Paris. In the Portrait of Charles VII, the bust on Charles appears to be life-size. His heavy doublet is sober claret with fur trim. Fur and fancy clothing is a way of showing your social class, only the wealthy and essentially only the royals can abide the furs and typically show them off in portraits.Charles is tawny and ruddy in complexion and with a sad expression on his face, not exactly what you would brook a royal to show in a portrait. It is generally assumed that the portrait commemorates the Treaty of Arras as a victory of the monarchy. 8. Monument to Philippe lowli fe 1480. Musee du Louvre, Paris. This monument is a part of the tradition of Burgundian funeral art. Philippe Pot was a Lord of Burgundy. The detail of the tomb is a way of showing the status of the Lord. The realism of the notice spectable is vividly presented to the viewers with the hooded figures, life size, and marching in solemn procession.These figures whose heads are hidden and are inclined in prayer show the mourning of their Lord. The mourners can only be identified by the coat of arms on their habits. The traditions of the past are being reshaped for another age in French art. 9. Jean Perreal, Portrait of Louis XII 1512-1514. Royal Collections, Windsor Castle. 10. Albrecht Durer Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony 1496. Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. 11. Lucas Cranach the Elder Duke Henry the Pious of Saxony 1514. Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstmuseam, Dresden.Duke Henry stands proudly in this portrait with arms akimbo and his leg turned out awkwardly. His wealth and status shows with what he is wearing. He is in a stunning costume with a bright red example and stockings under a dark green cloak, both garments are slashed to reveal the rich gold lining. The Duke is giving the viewer a stern state as he grasps his long sword showing his symbol of power and rank. It is interesting that this is a full body portrait. You will notice that is resembles the Arnolfini Wedding. This panel goes along with the Duchess Catherine of Saxony. 12.Lucas Cranach the Elder Duchess Catherine of Saxony 1514. Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstmuseam, Dresden. 13. Hans Burgkmair Emperor Maximilian on Horseback 1508. Clarence Buckingham Collection, Art Institute, Chicago. Burgkmair had a ready patron in the Emperor because Emperor Maximilian sought to have his likeness and politics circulated in visual form throughout the Holy Roman Empire. This print of Maximilian was the first major print experiment in colored printmaking. Maximilian was willing to experim ent because of is urge to get his name and likeness out to everyone that he could.This ceremonial picture shows a strong profile image of the mounted emperor butterfly on an ideal horse underneath a well-understood triumphal arch, redolent of both the military success and the Roman imperial rank claimed by the commander. 14. Hans Holbein the Younger Henry VIII 1539-40. Galleria Nazionale, Rome. 15. Hans Holbein the Younger Henry VIII, His Father Henry VII, and Their Wives 1537. National Portrait Gallery, London. 16. Hans Holbein the Younger Edward VI as a Child 1538. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. Edward VI was Henrys prized son.Holbein executed at least two portraits of him for Henry while Henry watched Edward grow with great anticipation. In this portrait Edward is only about two years old but looks healthy and resembles his fat-faced father. This was most likely a present for Henry. The inscription on the portrait most likely greatly pleased Henry. It says that if Ed ward imitates Henry he can be the heir of the throne. It says that you only equal the acts of your parent and that if you surpass your father, then you have surpassed all the kings of the world and then none will ever surpass you. 17. Lucas Horenbout Henry VIII 1525-36.Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. This portrait is unique because it is showing Henry VIII in a three-quarter pose and beardless, which was not typical for Henry VIII. It is also just a shoulder-length portrait against a plain blue background, there is no special shading or dark background to show status. Its diminutive size and polished technique on a vellum support soon became hallmarks of this pictorial musical genre. This type of genre was quickly adopted by Holbein and also took deep root in England, home to generations of specialist miniature painters well into the nineteenth century. 18. Bernard van Orley Portrait of Charles V 1516.Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest. 19. 18th century copy. John the Good and Clement VI or Urban, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 20. Parisian miniaturist of the late 14th century. The Banquet of Charles IV of France in Paris, from Les Grandes Chroniques de France. 1375-79. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 21. Antonis Mor. Fernando Alvarez de Toledo. 1549. Hispanic Society of America, New York. This portrait is a splendid example of Antonis Mors achievements in aristocratic portraiture. Mor created his own type of court portraiture, which became widely imitated in the certify half of the half-century.Mor painted with unflinching objectivity, but the noblemen that he painted like Fernando are more than very important people. These portraits were not meant for our eyes but or else for the eyes of Fernandos peers at court. This portrait is a statement of high status as cultivated products. Mors portraits display a singular favorable position among men, but they still remain distinct individuals and dont become idealized types. 22. Antonis Mor. Portrait of Mary Tudor. 155 4. The Prado, Madrid. 23. Rogier van der Weyden. Isabel of Portugal. Mid 1400s. J. Paul Getty Museum. 24. Antonis Mor. Catherine of Austria. 1552.Prado, Madrid. 25. Jean Bondol. Portrait of Louis II, Duke of Anjou. 1412-15. Cabinet des Estampes, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 1 . Charles M. Rosenberg, The Court Cities of Northern Italy. New York, NY. 2010. 334-337. 2 . Richard Vaughan, Philip the Bold. Longman, London and New York. 1962. 188-208. 3 . Alison Weir, Henry VIII The king and his Court. New York, NY. 2001. 260-264 4 . Greg Walker, The Private Life of Henry VIII. London and New York. 2003. 11-26. 5 . John Oliver Hand and Martha Wolff, Early Netherlandish Painting. Washington D. C. 1986. 216-218

Women’s Self Esteem: NOT Because of the Media

The subject of medias impact on women has been a lifesize issue for several years now. However, how does ego esteem or ones pattern of one ego re aloney wear out? Does the media really convey any entice on this? No, the media does not influence womens causement of egotism image. Womens self-images come from a number of internal sources, including their natural role as nurturers, how their require are met, and other personal things.First of all, a person develops as a part of a family. A little girl will learn, ground on her familys actions, to either trust or mistrust peoples intentions, as per Erik Eriksons series of crises. This will tell her, in time, whether she is worthy of positive tending or not. If she is worthy of positive attention, then she will begin to develop good self esteem and a positive self image. If, however, her family is cold or neglectful towards her, she will develop a negative self image and poor self esteem.As the girl grows into a teenager, thes e early experiences will register far-off more classical than any outside sources. A teen who was raised in a loving household will be far more seeming to have a positive self image than one who was not. This has nothing to do with the media, only with personal influences. As the teen grows into a adult female, she will come to see her role in life based on these experiences. If her experiences were positive, she will see herself in a positive light, and will credibly want to give to others. If her experiences were negative, she may be selfish and will see herself in a negative light.Maslows hierarchy of needs will presume a womans self esteem, too. A woman who apprisenot even get her basic needs met, or who hasnt had them met since childhood (food, water, shelter) will develop a negative self concept, because she may believe she was not worthy of anything. She will also be far more concerned about get these needs met than anything else, which doesnt allow for higher needs. If a womans need for love and belongingness arent met (through friends, family, lovers, etc.), she may also have a set about self-esteem.A woman who has many friends and loved ones, who is well liked, will have a higher self esteem. A woman who is having all of her needs met and who is tune towards self-actualization should have very high self esteem, because she feels fulfilled in all areas of her life, and is able to strive towards betterment all the time. This also allows for a solid self concept.Women who have met challenges in their lives and won will tend to have higher self esteem than those who have not been challenged or who have lost. A woman who has always had good friends, who has always had her needs met, and who has always excelled in some area will have a much better self concept than one who has had few friends, has sometimes not had her needs met, and has infrequently, if ever excelled at anything. These individual influences determine much more about a persons sel f esteem than does anything as elusive as the media.Women traditionally have a role as nurturers. Even if an individual woman does not inevitably feel like a nurturer, this will still have to play into her identity as a woman. A woman who accepts her role as a nurturer and a caregiver will likely be less conflicted, and more likely to have high self esteem. A woman who is a nurturer is impact her role in society and in life, and therefore would feel more fulfilled. A woman who is not a nurturer may feel guilty, and may have lower self esteem. Some women who are not nurturing are able to get beyond their feelings of guilt and be happy and have high self esteem anyway, but it is a conflict that almost all women must face in their lives.Outside sources are not nearly as important to women as their own internal conflicts and their personal lives. A woman who is secure in her family and friends, and in her own power (as an individual with intelligence and talent) is less likely to care what the media or any unknown source says. The media may portray women any way they wish, but women who have a solid personal life are not going to be swayed by it. Women who, on the other hand, do not have a strong self concept, are plausibly also not swayed by the media. They already feel like they are bad, stupid, ugly, etc., and what the media portrays is not going to change that, either. Outside sources are not big influences.With all of the internal sources, it is clear that the development of self esteem is a lifelong process, one that starts in very young children and continues into adulthood. People who have their needs consistently met and who face challenges and win them will develop healthy self esteem. Those who do not have their needs met or who lose challenges will not develop healthy self esteem. This happens regardless of anything that goes on in the media. In general, people vastly overestimate the importance of the media in the development of self esteem. It is assumed that the media can actually change anything in a girls life, when in reality, her own life experiences are what guides her in developing her self esteem and self concept.

Jessica in Ther Merchant of Venice

Jessica in The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare introduces his audience to the multi dimensional character of Jessica. Jessica is place as the daughter of a Jewish Merchant but the audience learns she is much more than that. As the play moves along and Jessica marries a Christian man, Jessicas identity as a Jewish woman is challenged. Although a minor character in the play, she is important because she makes the audience question what it core to be Jewish and therefore what it means to be Christian.The differences between Judaism and Christianity in the play are entern through Jessicas relationships with Shylock and Lorenzo. The father daughter relationship that Jessica and Shylock voice shows the audience values of Judaism. The dickens have a very rocky relationship through out the play and although it appears that Jessica is no more than a rebellious teenager, their relationships and interactions show the foundations of a Jewish family. Shylock shows the rigid rules of the Jewish religion through how he treats Jessica at their denture.What the audience knows intimately Jessica and Shylocks news report is that Shylock locks up Jessica in their house and she is not allowed out. Jessica then undoubtedly has resentment towards her father when she says Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, / Didst rob it of some stress of tediousness (2. 3. 1). It is clear to the audience that Shylock not only wants to lock up his daughter to the world he, also doesnt want Jessica to experience Venetian club when he says lock up the doors so the sounds of music dont drift in from the streets (2. 5. 5).It becomes very obvious that Jessicas house is a strict, rule driven dwelling that she does not appreciate or like. Jessicas life sentence under Shylocks rules shows the rigidness of the Jewish religion that Jessica was brought up under. These instances, at the beginning of the play, show the audience what Jessicas life as a Jew is like. It is not until we see Jessicas transition into a Christian that we can see the differences between the deuce religions. Once Jessica runs away from home and marries Lorenzo, her life as a Jewish woman comes to an suppress. Through this transition of Jessicas, we see outside opinions on Judaism and Christianity.When Jessica runs away from home to marry, a conversation is sparked between Lorenzo and his friend Gratiano. They have a conversation about why it is that Lorenzo loves Jessica. Lorenzo is trying to explain to Gratiano how Jessica does not fit the typical Jewish mold by saying For she is wise, if I can judge of her/And fair she is, if that mine eyes be true/And true she is, as she hath proved herself(2. 6. 53-55). From Lorenzos language when describing Jessica, it becomes clear that these Christians associate good traits such as fairness, intelligence, and truthfulness with being traits that most Jewish people do not possess.On the opposite end of the argument, the play has S hylock and his response to Jessica running away, getting married, and selling her m opposites wedding ring. Shylock responds by saying Out upon her Thou torturest me, Tubal it was my? turquoise I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. (3. 1. 14). Shylock is upset that his daughter would waste away her preciously literals for something as foolish as a monkey. It is in this moment in the play that the audience sees the new carefree lifestyle Jessica is alimentation as a Christian when she denounces her mothers ring.Shylock, who loves material possessions, is appalled by his daughters carless actions. The audience sees through Jessicas transition from Jew to Christian and from the conversations sparked in characters from this action how the two different religious groups see each other. After her transition, Jessicas relationship with her new husband also sparks different assumptions about religion. After Jessica marries Lorenzo, her life is literally transformed from a Jew to a Christian overnight. Through her final actions of the play, the audience can see how different her two worlds are.Her life with Lorenzo is one full of carefree fun and no material possessions. While her life with her father was one full of rules and restrictions. Once Jessica enters into this relationship with Lorenzo, the notion of what it means to be a Christian and what it means to be a Jew is questioned. Jessicas two different lives represent the different stereotypes of the two religions. The Jewish people in this play are portrayed through Jessica and Shylock as being an old worldview of life. Shylocks house is very strict, rule abiding, and oriented in hard work.While on the other hand, Lorenzo represents the New Testament, Christian view of the world where people are much more about living carefree and denouncing material possessions. When Jessica marries Lorenzo and becomes a Christian through marriage she also brings up ano ther question about religion and what makes a person a Jew. Jessica is a Jew by birth but converts to Christianity through marriage. This brings about the question of is it birth or decision that makes a person a certain religion.Lancelot first brings this about when he claims that Jessica is damned because she was born Jewish in that he is referring to the fact that there is nothing she can do to undo being Jewish. The audience also sees some(prenominal) lines where the image of declension is brought up. Shylock refers to his daughter as my own flesh and blood (3. 1. 32) and Jessica states, I am a daughter to his blood (2. 3. 18). This image of blood that Jessica and Shylock share bonds them together and parallels the idea that Judaism runs in the blood, therefore is determined at birth.Although Lancelot seems to believe that Judaism runs in the blood, Jessica believes that she can overturn this by marrying Lorenzo. She states, I shall be saved by my husband/He hath made me a Chr istian (3. 5. 3). To her, Judaism is out of her because her husband, Lancelot, made her into a Christian through marriage. Here we see two differences in what the characters of the play believe makes a person Jewish. Lancelot believes Jessica is Jewish by birth, and Jessica believes that marrying Lorenzo can make her into a Christian. The character Jessica is important in The Merchant of Venice because of the questions she brings up about religion.Her relationship with her father shows her life as a Jew while her marriage to Lorenzo shows her conversion into a Christian. These two worlds of Jessica play off of each other and through them the audience is able to see the differences between Judaism and Christianity. Through Jessicas transition from Jew to Christian, the audience is able to see the large differences between the Jewish and Christian characters in The Merchant of Venice. Works Cited Evans, G. , ed. The Riverside Shakespeare. 6th ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974.

assessment strategies for day to day assessments

assessment can be defined as utilizing assorted methods to understand with deepness and clearness the current cognition that a savant possesses, runing from a simple observation to organize a teacher s subjective sentiment ( constructive estimation ) , to a formal trial or interrogation ( additive assessment ) . The cognition of a pupil is perpetu eithery altering and as a consequence, instructors ar able to do plastic or summational opinions on pupil accomplishment by comparing of their work utilizing a progressive program of work. Assessment, formative or summational, is used to bank bill a student s class, promotion, mark group arrangement, teacher direction and entree to the course of news report.Many critics believe that genius signifier of appraisal ( summational or formative ) , may be at the disbursal of the other(a). An statement possibly to be addressed elsewhere For the intents of this essay, it is persist to presume that The two signifiers of appraisal can be reciprocally contributeive- formative appraisal supports the procedure of accomplishment, summational appraisal measures the consequence ( Kyriacou, 2007, p247 ) .In the undermentioned, I ordain research the deduction of the tradition of both formative and summational appraisal and its topographic point in instruction today, the function of appraisal in my military position school and allow for reason with some(prenominal) contemplation on the benefits and cavity falls of appraisal in instruction.The intent of appraisalAppraisal can be categorised as any technique or activity used to measure the public presentation of a student against specific larning come outcomes objurgate out for them by their school. Appraisal for Learning is the procedure of seeking and construing pace for usage by scholars and their instructors to make up ones mind where the scholars be in their acquisition, where they need to travel and how best to subscribe to at that place. A( Assessmen t Reform Group, 2002 )Appraisal in instruction has seen a immense rise in popularity since the debut of the National Curriculum in 1988 for two grounds fore close it is the agencies by which authoritiess argon able to mensurate the educational reverse product of any precondition over school against other schools locally and nationally, with the outlook of raising educational criterions, and secondly, instructors have progressively realised the value of uninterrupted appraisal for informing them of and passing them in their instruction procedure.The most oft used intents for appraisal are as follows To supply the instructor with feedback sing pupil hop onment. This enables the instructor to see the effectivity of their instruction sing the student accomplishing their acquisition results. Particular misinterpretations or jobs may be highlighted as a consequence, leting for be aftering for remedial action or revised learning methods.To supply the student with instructional feed back. This enables the student to measure their criterion of work against a given standards or expected criterion. exploitation lush feedback, students may understand the outlooks on them from any given piece of work much clearly, and usage to rectify and give out their work.To actuate students. Positive feedback can efficaciously excite motive.To supply a record of emanation. perpetual appraisal enables the instructor and the school to maintain a decisive record of pupil science over a drawn-out period of clip, enabling the instructor to do specific opinions sing the student s current and future educational demands. It is peculiarly helpful in placing peculiar jobs or troubles. A student s record of advancement go forth be used when pass oning with co-workers and informing parents.It may kindredly assist a instructor to reevaluate their pedagogic methods when learning similar groups in the hereafter.To supply a statement of accurate attainment. By utilizing specific atta inment standards, the student s degree of attainment at any given clip can be assessed.To measure student s preparedness for future acquisition. Students can be assessed against their preparedness to entree saucily countries of acquisition, whether they have any specific acquisition troubles or if they have efficaciously covered old larning necessary for the instructor tocontinue with a specific subject. need of understanding in this case would ask further course of studyning for revised acquisition and readying by the instructor.To supply grounds of instructor and school effectivity. The appraisal of pupil accomplishment and record of their advancement gives an indicant of the success and effectivity of the instructor and the school. Data is used in local and national statistics which may clash the school s popularity or support chances.( Q1, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13 )Summational AppraisalSummational Assessment identifies the criterion of attainment achieved at any given point in the school twelvemonth, although normally carried out at the terminal of a class of work or terminal of the school twelvemonth. Various ways of measuring acquisition, sometimes referred to as multiple resolution manners can be used to derive grounds of student acquisition, for illustration tick sheets and portfolios, but the most good recognized illustration of summational examen is the high-profile Standard science Tests ( SATs ) taken nationally at the terminal of Key Stage 1 and 2, and used by authoritiess to measure the educational end product of adept schools and published in League Tables. The consequences indicate the degree ( below, on mark or above for their age ) a kid is working(a) at, assessed against eight NationalCurriculum Target Levels which enables the school ( or feeder school ) to do programs for the kid s future acquisition and schools to find if they are learning efficaciously, by the comparing of their whole-school and students public presentation against n ational consequences. ( Q12, Q13 )Formative AppraisalAn appraisal activity can assist larning if it provides information to be used as feedback by instructors and their students in measuring themselves and each other, to modify the instruction and acquisition activities in which they are engaged. Such assessment becomes formative appraisal when the grounds is actually used to accommodate the instruction to run into learning demands . ( Black et al, 2002, p2 )Formative Assessment has gained a high profile in recent old ages pursuance the debut of the National Curriculum and the publication of the Assessment Reform Groups ( ARG, 2002 ) sum-up of research which formed the footing for the 10 rules for Assessment for Learning ( AfL ) ( 2002 ) .Ongoing formative appraisal relies on the informal, synergistic and qualitative measuring of the appraisal of student larning during ordinary schoolroom activities. Teachers use a scope of schemes in different contexts and for different intents , whilst concentrating on how pupils learn. This attack enables instructors to rapidly place mistakes and misconceptions and advance effectual hereafter larning for their students utilizing regular, constructive and formative written and unwritten feedback with the intent of enabling students to do good advancement.personalised and differentiated acquisition accessed via each twenty-four hours Assessment for Learning ( AfL ) , is associate inextricably with inclusive, Quality First ( National Strategies, 2010 ) Teaching and student acquisition, the adept usage of appraisal conformations which complement and ease the trademarks of effectual instruction is indispensable ( Kyriacou, 2007, p106 ) and should be an built-in portion of every lesson. The impact of congratulations and positive feedback, whilst avoiding comparing with other students, can hold far making effects on the scholar s battle, enthusiasm and assurance.By clearly sharing the acquisition aims ( what is to be larn ) and the acquisition results or success standards ( what the kids will be expected to make one time they have learned it ) , the instructorand student are so able to prosecute in the procedure of appraisal, utilizing schemes the instructor deemsfit for intent in the context of the lesson. Through observation and listening to garner intelligence oppugning and whole-class dialogue giving unwritten and written feedback and planning for group talk, AfL enables the scholar be actively engage, to understand the quality of their work and how to better their acquisition. There is besides grounds that low attainers and pupils with specific larning demands or disablements peculiarly benefit from formative appraisal.Learners need information and counsel in order to be after following stairss in their acquisition. Teachers should nail the scholar s strengths and rede on how todevelop them be clear and constructive about any failings and how they might be addressed supply chances for scho lars to better upon their work. ( Assessment Reform Group, 2002, p. 2 )( Q1, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q19, Q26b )Appraisal schemes for daily appraisal during the lessonQuestioninga? Asking inquiries to measure kids s get downing points, in order to measure attainment degree and plan/adapt acquisition and instruction activities consequently.a? Asking a scope of inquiries, from actual to higher-order ( unfastened and closed inquiries ) , leting students think clip which will promote a deeper apprehension of the inquiry posed.a? Using talk spouses and guaranting all are engaged in replying inquiries.Using oppugning to prosecute in single and whole-class duologue.Detectinga? Watching kids at their work, listening to their treatments leting for an appraisal of their acquisition as it is go oning.a? Making planned observations of peculiar kids who may be holding troubles to back up their acquisition in the lesson.21-2004 G A Crown right of first publication 2004Discoursinga? Brief ad-lib tre atments with kids if in that location have been any issues during a lesson.a? Holding treatments with kids to measure their apprehension and to jibe grounds for any misinterpretations or misconceptions and leting issues to be resolved within the lesson.a? Holding informed treatments following up earlier appraisal, in order to discourse advancement, marks and any equal or ego appraisals that have been make. Using these to let planning for the following stairss in acquisition.Analyzinga? Marking and measuring written work with the kids, leting for designation of any common mistakes or misconceptions. This will besides assist steer kids sing how they can better and advancement.a? Discoursing with the kids their responses to the lesson s undertakings, leting for designation of ability to rectify any mistakes and misconceptions. This will besides assist to measure their accomplishmentagainst the acquisition aims, monitor their advancement and let treatment sing how they can better and the following stairss for them in their acquisition.Checking kids s apprehensiona? Conducting recollection trials with planned or self-generated inquiries to measure instantly with the kids their cognition and velocity of callback.a? Reviewing what has been taught antecedently leting for both kids and instructors to place what might necessitate alteration and to steer the lesson and future planning.( Q1, Q12, Q22, Q25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, Q26b )Self and comrade appraisalSelf and peer appraisal are a agencies of heightening formative appraisal during which single, braces or little groups of kids identify the advancement that has been made in the lesson, what they still find ambitious and how to better through be aftering their following stairss in larning. By advancing the development of independent ego and peer appraisal and giving them ownership of their advancement, pupils learn to supervise and measure their ain acquisition schemes and accomplishments.Honesty in appraisal is non se en to be an issue as some might hold presumed, pupils are by and large honorable and dependable in measuring both themselves and one another they can even be excessively difficult on themselves . ( Black & A Wiliams,1998, p7 ) . Crucially, pupils can measure themselves merely when they have a sufficiently clear image of the marks that their acquisition is meant to achieve ( ibid, p7 ) . Sometimes the instructor may utilize appropriate illustrations of work to exemplify specific marks.Using shared purposes and planned marks, work can be reviewed with or without the instructor s engagement and consequences recorded and used to make revised marks.Using student self rating techniques such as the thumbs up/thumbs down technique, instructors may rapidly determine pupil understanding at any given point in a lesson. ( Q28 )Planning, feedback and prepTeachers, working alongside their co-workers, plan a strategy of work by planing sequences of related acquisition activities which have de tailed and clear aims. Using the National Strategy programme of survey, as good deal out in the National Curriculum enchiridion ( 1999 ) , they will take into history the age and ability scope of their category. Using their secure course of study cognition and accurately assessed cognition of their students anterior accomplishment degrees utilizing AfL, they are able to be after for individualized acquisition and inclusion in their patterned advance of learning. This allows the instructorto present a lesson during which they will supervise students, supply accurate feedback, challenge all students and assist all scholars achieve.Feedback is most effectual when it is descriptive and linked to the acquisition objectives/success standards coupled with suggested larning patterned advance paths.Well planned prep has the added advantage of consolidating and edifice on anterior acquisition and working with the support of parents or carers.( Q11, Q19, Q22, Q25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, Q26b )The N ational Curriculum, Programme of Study, Level Descriptors and Attainment TargetEach matter in the course of study, at each Key Stage, has a programme of survey as set out in the National Curriculum Handbook ( 1999 ) which outlines the topic cognition to be covered at any given clip. Each topic has 8 attainment marks level forms or Attainment Focus ( AF ) Levels as set out in the National Strategies appraisal standards grids ( 2010 ) , for each attainment mark ( 2010 ) . These become increasingly more ambitious and have an extra degree for exceptional public presentation for students with outstanding ability. These are used by instructors to supply the footing for doing an accurate opinion on the student s public presentation by Measuring Pupil pass on ( APP ) and compared at all times against the degrees above and below to guarantee an accurate appraisal is recorded. Each degree description describes in some item the age-related outlooks of an mean student by puting out the accom plishments and understanding that students of different abilities and adulthoods are expected to hold by the terminal of each cardinal phase ( The Education Act, 1996, subdivision 353a ) . ( Q11, Q22, Q26b, Q28 )Measuring Pupil Progress ( APP )In a move off from formal testing, APP was introduced as an alternate agencies of whole-school and student appraisal through SATs trials. A structured, on-going national attack to appraisal ( where the boundaries between formative and summational appraisal can film over ) , APP equips instructors ( and learning helpers ) to track and do judgements on students advancement. Through uninterrupted appraisal utilizing AfL, the digest of a elaborate and individualized profile for eachkid is built utilizing the AF Levels appraisal guideline grids. These records allow instructors to understand their students acquisition demands, and place any spreads in their instruction that may hold arisen, and so leting for future acquisition to be planned conse quently which in bend will back up schools in raising criterions of accomplishment. APP is most effectual when it draws on a wide scope of grounds that shows what students can make independently and is in peculiar really effectual when measuring students with side of meat as a 2nd linguistic communication. ( Q11, Q13, Q19, Q26b ) ,Appraisal demandsIt is a school s statutory duty through APP to measure all students against 1999 Programme of Study and Attainment Targets, as stated by the Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency ( QCDA ) and adhering to the standards set out in the National Curriculum, with the intents of estimating all kids locally and nationally against the Government set established national marks ( degrees and bomber degrees ) in their acquisition patterned advance through their school life. The information is collected locally and nationally to determine the overall public presentation of a school in conformity with the expected degrees of accomplishment for their age.A secure cognition of the national appraisal demands will assist instructors plan their lessons and fix scholars good for public scrutinies and makings. ( Q11 )Tracking and BenchmarkingThe school may implement its ain trailing system. Teachers sporadically review aggregations of students work, frequently in quislingism with co-workers, to construct a record of their accomplishments and leting for an appraisal of the overall national course of study degree the kid is working at. Children are rated low , secure or high within each national course of study degree.Benchmarking is the term given to the procedure of mensurating criterions of existent public presentation against those achieved by others with loosely similar features, designation of best pattern and the chance to larn from those better executing schools can be identified, to raise the criterions of accomplishment of a school and originate more informed whole-school and student mark puting. ( Q13 )Appraisal in Berridge Junior SchoolAt the terminal of each cardinal phase, Berridge submits their teacher appraisal informations consequences of the national course of study appraisals to their Local potency ( LA ) and to the authorities. The entry of these, including P graduated table informations via an Assessment of Reporting governance ( ARA ) or a Teacher Assessment of Reporting Arrangement ( TARA ) ( QCDA 2010 ) at KS3 is a statutory demand. APP has late been introduced and rolled out across the whole school after instructor and TA preparation from February of this twelvemonth. Using hard appraisal informations to track student advancement, and curricular marks, based on the aims in the Primary Framework for learning ( 2010 ) which are logged via the School Information Management system ( SIMS ) ( 2010 ) system, Berridge is able to place countries for whole-school betterment. An Annual Performance Review ( APR ) allows for in- depth analysis of advancement. Since take parting in th e Local Authority s School service Partner ( SIP ) Programme ( 2007 ) the school has consolidated and enhanced their monitoring and rating. Although, due to the demographics of the school and high proportion of EAL students, course of study degrees are dismount than the national norm. However the school s contextual value added ( CVA ) mark, which statistically assesses how effectual the school is through mensurating pupil advancement and trial and scrutiny consequences, indicates that the school is executing highly good. Introduced in 2007, the age-related course of study marks have been used to piece a school development program and the benefits are already highly clear. All students are tested and assessed, prior to aim grouping for English and Maths in KS2. Parents are informed of pupil advancement via termly parents eventides, reading journals and one-year written studies.DecisionIn decision the above treatment has demonstrated the cardinal characteristics of appraisal and reflected on the deductions of formative and summational appraisal in schools today. I have demonstrated how AfL, APP, ego and peer appraisal, planning, benchmarking, tracking and assessment demands impact on a instructor s function in school and crucially her duty towards her students acquisition success through secure course of study cognition, effectual teaching method, planning and modified be aftering to run into any given success standards within the National Curriculum.For me, the strengths in assessment prevarication in schools being able to place advancement and more crucially, countries for betterment, rapidly and briefly as I have seen to great consequence in my arrangement school where the AF Levels are accessed via I can statements for child user-friendliness and lucidity.AfL is seen by many as a tool for educational reform and addresses the supposed ruins of the SATs trials.Using elaborate descriptions of state of affairss or public presentation, appraisal can nevert heless be subjective, but in the custodies of an experient instructor it can be an highly valuable tool.The failings in appraisal in my sentiment prevarication steadfastly at the pess of the controversial SATs and League Tables and the suck per unit area they place on schools to execute, and although my placement school boycotted the Year 6 SATs trials last twelvemonth, they opt to take optional Saturday trials at the terminal of every school twelvemonth in old ages 3,4 and 5 in an effort to fix their students good for the inevitable. It could be argued that the increased burden put on adjust formalised proving within the school course of study has led to a failure to measure important larning results and led to pupils non being given the chance to pattern their higher-order thought accomplishments.Of class, the inquiry remains, in the visible radiation of recent authorities alteration, the deductions on instructors prioritisation of curricular coverage and their clip when prolo nging a system which runs both SATs testing and APP at the same time.

Filipino Nationalism

The opening of the Philippines to world trade rapidly developed the Philippine economy. Many Philippines prospered overnight. Everyday Filipinos also benefited from the new economy with the rapid increase in demand for labor and availability of business opportunities. Some Europeans immigrated to the Philippines to join the wealth wagon, among them Jacobo Zobel, patriarch of todays Zobel de Ayala family and prominent innovation in the rise of Filipino nationalism. Their scions studied in the best universities of Europe where they learned the ideals of liberty from the french and American Revolutions.The new economy gave rise to a new middle class in the Philippines, normally not ethnic Filipinos. In the early 19th century, the Suez Canal was opened which made the Philippines easier to reach from Spain. The minute increase ofPeninsulares from the Iberian Peninsula threatened the secularization of the Philippine churches. In state affairs, the Criollos, known locally as Insulares (lit. islanders). were displaced from government positions by the Peninsulares, whom the native Insulares regarded as foreigners.The Insulares had become increasingly Filipino and called themselves Los hijos del pais (lit. sons of the country). Among the early proponents of Filipino nationalism were the Insulares Padre Pedro Pelaez, archbishop of Manila, who fought for the secularization of Philippine churches and expulsion of the friars Padre Jose Burgos whose execution influenced the national hero Jose Rizal and Joaquin Pardo de Tavera who fought for retentiveness of government positions by natives, regardless of race.In retaliation to the rise of Filipino nationalism, the friars called the Indios (possibly referring to Insulares and mestizos as well) indolent and spoilt for government and church positions. In response, the Insulares came out with Indios agraviados, a manifesto defending the Filipino against discriminatory remarks. The stress between the Insulares and Peninsula res erupted into the failed revolts of Novales and the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 which resulted to the deportation of prominent Filipino nationalists to the Marianas and Europe who would continue the fight for liberty done the Propaganda Movement.The Cavite Mutiny implicated the priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (see Gomburza) whose executions would influence the subversive activities of the next generation of Filipino nationalists, in particular Paciano Rizal, older brother of Jose Rizal, who then dedicated his novel, El filibusterismo to the these priests.

Practice Exam 1

Choose four (4) of the following questions and answer them in short essay format. All questions argon worth equal marks. (12. 5 marks each) QUESTION 1 (12. 5 marks) Discuss the key factors in the international environment that managers of emerging global organisations look to as threats to their international operations. Provide examples as appropriate. International Environment is the management of business operations conducted in much than one country and usually outside of the organisations normal environment (out of the country).Legal-Political Environment Political systems the organisation whitethorn be unfamiliar with dealing with the government. Political stability Quotas, tariffs and taxes Law and regulation frugal Environment scotch conditions in which the organisation operates in Consumer Market Exchange rates Economic development (Developing country? depression? ) Sociocultural Environment Common behaviour and way of thinking among the consumers. Religion Time orientation Beliefs and values(Hofstede) lyric poem QUESTION 2 (12. 5 marks)What atomic look 18 Porters competitive forces in an organisations environment? Explain them and provide examples to illustrate your answer. Threat of new entrants Capital requirements and economic of scale are potential barriers Easier to enter mail order business than automobile due to high capital comprise Technology made it easier for new entrants to enter market. Threat of existing rivalry Coke VS Pepsi, Toyota VS Honda Influenced by the separate four forces and follow-product differentiation Threat of substitute products Affected by cost changes or trends Internet circulate new ways to meet customer needs Low cost airline tickets VS travel agencies negociate power of buyers Few buyer, many suppliers. Goods are standardised. (High buyer power) Buyer gets more than information about the rail political machine they want to buy accident before? dicker power of suppliers Many buyers, few suppliers. Highly value products. (High supplier power) Airplane engine suppliers will get under ones skin great power due to lack of ambition Internet helps the suppliers to reach end users and great turning of buyersQUESTION 3 (12. 5 marks) What is the difference between organisational twist and organisational formula? Outline the six elements of organisational human body. Organisational mental synthesis is a framework that defines the way tasks are depute, the formalization of account relationships and the effectiveness of coordination of employees across subdivisions. It is an expression of who is performing various tasks and how they are related to one an different whereas organisational design is the process of reshaping or changing the organisation structure.Organisation leaders develop plans to function or perform better. six elements are 1) Work Specialisation A. k. a Division of labour. Main idea is to divide the jobs so that everything is non done by one individual. Employees can focus on doing specialized functions in their own department allowing them to effectively and efficiently specialise in that particular job. 2) Chain Of Command Line of authority from the velocity level of organisation to lower level of organisation and classifies who reports to whom. Unity of command where each employee is held accountable to entirely one supervisor.Scalar Command defined line of authority that refers to all employees. 3) Responsibility, authority & delegation Authority is the coherent right of managers to issue orders, make closings and allocate resources. Responsibility is the duty to perform a task an employee is assign to and usually comes with authority for managers. Delegation is the transfer of authority to a lower level position in the hierarchy. 4) Span of management Refers to the snatch of employees reporting to a supervisor. Also known as span of control.Determines the add together of employees a supervisor can effectively and efficiently manage. 5) Centralization & decentralization Centralization is when the authority is set(p) at a single point usually at the point level of the organisation and decentralization is when finale authority is pushed down to lower organisation levels. Decentralization is believed to relieve burden on cap managers, make great use of worker skills and abilities and permit rapid response to external changes. 6) Formalization operation of creating written documents to direct and control employees.These include rule books, regulations and job descriptions. These provide the employees with descriptions of tasks, responsibilities and decision authority. QUESTION 4 (12. 5 marks) A contingency approach to leadership seeks to explain the relationship between leadership styles and particular(prenominal) situations. Describe Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. pic QUESTION 5 (12. 5 marks) Managers faced with technical choices learn a number of approaches that they whitethorn use to guide their decision making.Discuss the various approaches to honourable decision making, providing examples to help explain your answer. Utilitarian approach is the moral behaviour of producing the greatest sober for the greatest number. decisiveness makers are to consider the effect of all parties and select one that high hat deems satisfaction to the greatest number of people. Squatter homes are not abolished because the government may find that leaving the squatter homes untouched may be a better option as it provides as a home for many people.Dunlop unkindly their manufacturing plant in Australia and decided to idle one in Thailand and Malaysia, managers justified that decision on the bag that it produces greater good to the company as a whole. Individualism approach promotes the individuals outperform long term interests which will lead to the greater good. The action in which is intend ed to produce greater good than bad to the individual rather than other alternatives. This will in turn, lead to greater good as individuals behaviour fits the standards of behaviour people wants towards themselves.Moral rights approach defines the fact that human beings have rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual. This approach suggests companies to maintain the rights of the people affected by it. Western countries transcend their people the right to have their own say (freedom of speech) and in some companies, they give their customers the freedom to speak and complain. Hence, the saying the customer is always right. Justice approach is the moral decision found on equality, fairness and impartiality. There are 3 types of justice concerning managers distributive ustice where people should not be treated differently establish on illogical characteristics such as gender. Procedural justice where rules should be administered fairly and consistently and Compensatory justice where individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible. QUESTION 6 (12. 5 marks) A current issue for HRM involves the changing nature of careers, and the evolving dynamic of relationships between employers and employees. Discuss the study issues involved in the changing nature of careers, and the HR issues in the new workplace. Provide examples as appropriate.Major bang Changing social contract matters in new workplace 1) Becoming employer of choice company super attractive to employees due to HR practices that focus on not solely tangible benefits but nonphysical too. 2) Team & Projects People who used to work alone now has to work in groups. Many workers storage area multiple tasks and responsibilities. 3) Temporary employees Demand has grown for professionals. Contingent workers means reduced payroll and benefit cost as well as increased flexibility for both employer and employee. 4) Technology Virtual teams and telecommunicating ) Work/ living Balance Telecommunicating helps employees work from home to balance life and work. 6) Downsizing Some companies have to downsize and let employees go. aged contractNew Contract Employee Employer Job felt secure One part of the organisation Knowing Routine Jobs measuring stick training programs Limited information Traditional compensation package (typical benefits) Manage own career (employment not guaranteed) Partner in business improvement Learning Challenging assignments Continuous learning, lateral career data & resources Creative development opportunitiesPractice Exam 1Choose four (4) of the following questions and answer them in short essay format. All questions are worth equal marks. (12. 5 marks each) QUESTION 1 (12. 5 marks) Discuss the key factors in the international environment that managers of emerging global organisations look to as threats to their international operations. Provide examples as appropriate. Inter national Environment is the management of business operations conducted in more than one country and usually outside of the organisations normal environment (out of the country).Legal-Political Environment Political systems the organisation may be unfamiliar with dealing with the government. Political stability Quotas, tariffs and taxes Law and regulation Economic Environment Economic conditions in which the organisation operates in Consumer Market Exchange rates Economic development (Developing country? clinical depression? ) Sociocultural Environment Common behaviour and way of thinking among the consumers. Religion Time orientation Beliefs and values(Hofstede) language QUESTION 2 (12. 5 marks)What are Porters competitive forces in an organisations environment? Explain them and provide examples to illustrate your answer. Threat of new entrants Capital requirements and economic of scale are potential barriers Easier to enter mail order business than automobile due to high capital cost Technology made it easier for new entrants to enter market. Threat of existing rivalry Coke VS Pepsi, Toyota VS Honda Influenced by the other four forces and cost-product differentiation Threat of substitute products Affected by cost changes or trends Internet open new ways to meet customer needs Low cost airline tickets VS travel agencies Bargaining power of buyers Few buyer, many suppliers. Goods are standardised. (High buyer power) Buyer gets more information about the car they want to buy accident before? Bargaining power of suppliers Many buyers, few suppliers. Highly wanted products. (High supplier power) Airplane engine suppliers will have great power due to lack of competitor Internet helps the suppliers to reach end users and greater number of buyersQUESTION 3 (12. 5 marks) What is the difference between organisational structure and organisational design? Outline the six elements of organisational design. Organisational structure is a framewor k that defines the way tasks are assigned, the formalization of reporting relationships and the effectiveness of coordination of employees across departments. It is an expression of who is performing various tasks and how they are related to one another whereas organisational design is the process of reshaping or changing the organisation structure.Organisation leaders develop plans to function or perform better. sise elements are 1) Work Specialisation A. k. a Division of labour. Main idea is to divide the jobs so that everything is not done by one individual. Employees can focus on doing specific functions in their own department allowing them to effectively and efficiently specialise in that particular job. 2) Chain Of Command Line of authority from the upper level of organisation to lower level of organisation and classifies who reports to whom. Unity of command where each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor.Scalar Command defined line of authority that refer s to all employees. 3) Responsibility, authority & delegation Authority is the legitimatise right of managers to issue orders, make decisions and allocate resources. Responsibility is the duty to perform a task an employee is assigned to and usually comes with authority for managers. Delegation is the transfer of authority to a lower level position in the hierarchy. 4) Span of management Refers to the number of employees reporting to a supervisor. Also known as span of control.Determines the number of employees a supervisor can effectively and efficiently manage. 5) Centralization & decentralization Centralization is when the authority is hardened at a single point usually at the top level of the organisation and decentralization is when decision authority is pushed down to lower organisation levels. Decentralization is believed to relieve burden on top managers, make greater use of worker skills and abilities and permit rapid response to external changes. 6) Formalization fu lfil of creating written documents to direct and control employees.These include rule books, regulations and job descriptions. These provide the employees with descriptions of tasks, responsibilities and decision authority. QUESTION 4 (12. 5 marks) A contingency approach to leadership seeks to explain the relationship between leadership styles and specific situations. Describe Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. pic QUESTION 5 (12. 5 marks) Managers faced with ethical choices have a number of approaches that they may use to guide their decision making.Discuss the various approaches to ethical decision making, providing examples to help explain your answer. Utilitarian approach is the moral behaviour of producing the greatest good for the greatest number. finis makers are to consider the effect of all parties and select one that best gives satisfaction to the greatest number of people. Squatter homes are not abolished becau se the government may find that leaving the squatter homes untouched may be a better option as it provides as a home for many people.Dunlop unsympathetic their manufacturing plant in Australia and decided to open one in Thailand and Malaysia, managers justified that decision on the origination that it produces greater good to the company as a whole. Individualism approach promotes the individuals best long term interests which will lead to the greater good. The action in which is intended to produce greater good than bad to the individual rather than other alternatives. This will in turn, lead to greater good as individuals behaviour fits the standards of behaviour people wants towards themselves.Moral rights approach defines the fact that human beings have rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual. This approach suggests companies to maintain the rights of the people affected by it. Western countries give their people the right to have their own say (fr eedom of speech) and in some companies, they give their customers the freedom to speak and complain. Hence, the saying the customer is always right. Justice approach is the moral decision based on equality, fairness and impartiality. There are 3 types of justice concerning managers distributive ustice where people should not be treated differently based on illogical characteristics such as gender. Procedural justice where rules should be administered fairly and consistently and Compensatory justice where individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible. QUESTION 6 (12. 5 marks) A current issue for HRM involves the changing nature of careers, and the evolving dynamic of relationships between employers and employees. Discuss the major issues involved in the changing nature of careers, and the HR issues in the new workplace. Provide examples as appropriate.Major Issue Changing social contract Issues in new workplace 1) Becoming employer of choi ce company super attractive to employees due to HR practices that focus on not only tangible benefits but intangible too. 2) Team & Projects People who used to work alone now has to work in groups. Many workers superintend multiple tasks and responsibilities. 3) Temporary employees Demand has grown for professionals. Contingent workers means reduced payroll and benefit cost as well as increased flexibility for both employer and employee. 4) Technology Virtual teams and telecommunicating ) Work/ flavor Balance Telecommunicating helps employees work from home to balance life and work. 6) Downsizing Some companies have to downsize and let employees go. old contractNew Contract Employee Employer Job felt secure One part of the organisation Knowing Routine Jobs hackneyed training programs Limited information Traditional compensation package (typical benefits) Manage own career (employment not guaranteed) Partner in business improvement Learning Challenging assignmen ts Continuous learning, lateral career tuition & resources Creative development opportunities